Microogranisms associated with periodontal disease.

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Microogranisms associated with periodontal disease Different categories of periodontal disease



Cervical Plaque:
  • Is dominated by gram-positive rods and cocci, including Streptococcus mitis, S. sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, A. naeslundii, and Eubacterium species.
  • Studies on tissue-associated plaque a predominance of species such as Streptococcus micros, P. gingivitis, P. intermedia, T. farsynthia, and F. nucleantum.

Gingivitis:
  • Dental plaque-induced gingivitis (chronic) includes: gram-positive are S. sanguis, S. mitis, S. intermedius, S.oralis, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, P. micros; gram-negative microorganisms are predominately F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, and V. parvula as well as Haemophilus, Capnocytophaga and Campylobacter species.
  • Pregnancy-associated gingivitis causes dramatic increase levels of P. intermedia.
  • Puberty associated gingivitis have increase in P. intermedia and P. nigrescens

Chronic Periodontitis:
  • High levels including P. gingivalis, T. forsynthia, P. intermedia, C. rectus, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. micros and Treponema and Eubacteriuum species.

Aggressive Periodontitis:
  • A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, E. corrodens, C. rectus, F. nucleatum, B. capillus, Eubacterum brachy, Capnocytophaga species, and spirochetes.

Necrotizing Periodontal Disease:
  • High levels of P. intermedia, Fusobacterium and spirochetes.

Refractory Periodontitis:
  • Recurrent periodontitis that does not respond to "well-executed" periodontal therapy.
  • Prominent periodontal pathogens are: P. gingivitis, T. forsynthia, F. nucleatum, P. micros. E. corrodens, Streptoccoccus intermedius.

Abscesses of the Periodontium:
  • Periodontal abscess are acute lesions that can lead to rapid destruction of periodontal tissues.
  • Bacteria recognized as periodontal pathogens significant to periodontal abscess are the following: F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, P. micros, and T. forsynthia.

Periimplantitis:
  • Inflammatory process that affects tissues around an implant and result in loss of supporting bone.
  • Microorganisms related to this is A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsynthia, P. micros, C. recctus, Fusobacterium and Capnocytophaga are often related from failing sites but cal also be detected around healthy periimplant sites. Some other sites include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacteriaceae, Candida albicans, and staphlococci are also frequently detected around implants. As well as high proportions of S. aureus and S. epidermidis on oral implants have been reported.